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LICENSE
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LICENSE
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The MIT License (MIT)
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Original Work
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Copyright (c) 2016 Matthias Kadenbach
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https://github.com/mattes/migrate
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Modified Work
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Copyright (c) 2018 Dale Hui
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https://github.com/golang-migrate/migrate
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Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
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in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
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to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
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copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
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IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
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FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
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AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
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LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
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OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
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THE SOFTWARE.
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188
README.md
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README.md
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[](https://github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/actions/workflows/ci.yaml?query=branch%3Amaster)
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[](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4)
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[](https://coveralls.io/github/golang-migrate/migrate?branch=master)
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[](https://packagecloud.io/golang-migrate/migrate?filter=debs)
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[](https://hub.docker.com/r/migrate/migrate/)
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[](https://github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/releases)
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[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/golang-migrate/migrate)
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# migrate
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__Database migrations written in Go. Use as [CLI](#cli-usage) or import as [library](#use-in-your-go-project).__
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* Migrate reads migrations from [sources](#migration-sources)
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and applies them in correct order to a [database](#databases).
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* Drivers are "dumb", migrate glues everything together and makes sure the logic is bulletproof.
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(Keeps the drivers lightweight, too.)
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* Database drivers don't assume things or try to correct user input. When in doubt, fail.
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Forked from [mattes/migrate](https://github.com/mattes/migrate)
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## Databases
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Database drivers run migrations. [Add a new database?](database/driver.go)
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* [PostgreSQL](database/postgres)
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* [PGX](database/pgx)
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* [Redshift](database/redshift)
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* [Ql](database/ql)
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* [Cassandra](database/cassandra)
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* [SQLite](database/sqlite)
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* [SQLite3](database/sqlite3) ([todo #165](https://github.com/mattes/migrate/issues/165))
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* [SQLCipher](database/sqlcipher)
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* [MySQL/ MariaDB](database/mysql)
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* [Neo4j](database/neo4j)
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* [MongoDB](database/mongodb)
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* [CrateDB](database/crate) ([todo #170](https://github.com/mattes/migrate/issues/170))
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* [Shell](database/shell) ([todo #171](https://github.com/mattes/migrate/issues/171))
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* [Google Cloud Spanner](database/spanner)
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* [CockroachDB](database/cockroachdb)
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* [ClickHouse](database/clickhouse)
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* [Firebird](database/firebird)
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* [MS SQL Server](database/sqlserver)
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### Database URLs
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Database connection strings are specified via URLs. The URL format is driver dependent but generally has the form: `dbdriver://username:password@host:port/dbname?param1=true¶m2=false`
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Any [reserved URL characters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding#Percent-encoding_reserved_characters) need to be escaped. Note, the `%` character also [needs to be escaped](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent-encoding#Percent-encoding_the_percent_character)
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Explicitly, the following characters need to be escaped:
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`!`, `#`, `$`, `%`, `&`, `'`, `(`, `)`, `*`, `+`, `,`, `/`, `:`, `;`, `=`, `?`, `@`, `[`, `]`
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It's easiest to always run the URL parts of your DB connection URL (e.g. username, password, etc) through an URL encoder. See the example Python snippets below:
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```bash
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$ python3 -c 'import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote(input("String to encode: "), ""))'
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String to encode: FAKEpassword!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]
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FAKEpassword%21%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2F%3A%3B%3D%3F%40%5B%5D
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$ python2 -c 'import urllib; print urllib.quote(raw_input("String to encode: "), "")'
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String to encode: FAKEpassword!#$%&'()*+,/:;=?@[]
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FAKEpassword%21%23%24%25%26%27%28%29%2A%2B%2C%2F%3A%3B%3D%3F%40%5B%5D
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$
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```
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## Migration Sources
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Source drivers read migrations from local or remote sources. [Add a new source?](source/driver.go)
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* [Filesystem](source/file) - read from filesystem
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* [io/fs](source/iofs) - read from a Go [io/fs](https://pkg.go.dev/io/fs#FS)
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* [Go-Bindata](source/go_bindata) - read from embedded binary data ([jteeuwen/go-bindata](https://github.com/jteeuwen/go-bindata))
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* [pkger](source/pkger) - read from embedded binary data ([markbates/pkger](https://github.com/markbates/pkger))
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* [GitHub](source/github) - read from remote GitHub repositories
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* [GitHub Enterprise](source/github_ee) - read from remote GitHub Enterprise repositories
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* [Bitbucket](source/bitbucket) - read from remote Bitbucket repositories
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* [Gitlab](source/gitlab) - read from remote Gitlab repositories
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* [AWS S3](source/aws_s3) - read from Amazon Web Services S3
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* [Google Cloud Storage](source/google_cloud_storage) - read from Google Cloud Platform Storage
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## CLI usage
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* Simple wrapper around this library.
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* Handles ctrl+c (SIGINT) gracefully.
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* No config search paths, no config files, no magic ENV var injections.
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__[CLI Documentation](cmd/migrate)__
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### Basic usage
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```bash
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$ migrate -source file://path/to/migrations -database postgres://localhost:5432/database up 2
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```
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### Docker usage
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```bash
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$ docker run -v {{ migration dir }}:/migrations --network host migrate/migrate
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-path=/migrations/ -database postgres://localhost:5432/database up 2
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```
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## Use in your Go project
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* API is stable and frozen for this release (v3 & v4).
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* Uses [Go modules](https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Modules__module_versions__and_more) to manage dependencies.
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* To help prevent database corruptions, it supports graceful stops via `GracefulStop chan bool`.
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* Bring your own logger.
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* Uses `io.Reader` streams internally for low memory overhead.
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* Thread-safe and no goroutine leaks.
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__[Go Documentation](https://godoc.org/github.com/golang-migrate/migrate)__
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```go
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import (
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"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
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_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
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_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/github"
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)
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func main() {
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m, err := migrate.New(
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"github://mattes:personal-access-token@mattes/migrate_test",
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"postgres://localhost:5432/database?sslmode=enable")
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m.Steps(2)
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}
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```
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Want to use an existing database client?
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```go
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import (
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"database/sql"
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_ "github.com/lib/pq"
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"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"
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"github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/database/postgres"
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_ "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4/source/file"
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)
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func main() {
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db, err := sql.Open("postgres", "postgres://localhost:5432/database?sslmode=enable")
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driver, err := postgres.WithInstance(db, &postgres.Config{})
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m, err := migrate.NewWithDatabaseInstance(
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"file:///migrations",
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"postgres", driver)
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m.Up() // or m.Step(2) if you want to explicitly set the number of migrations to run
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}
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```
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## Getting started
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Go to [getting started](GETTING_STARTED.md)
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## Tutorials
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* [CockroachDB](database/cockroachdb/TUTORIAL.md)
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* [PostgreSQL](database/postgres/TUTORIAL.md)
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(more tutorials to come)
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## Migration files
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Each migration has an up and down migration. [Why?](FAQ.md#why-two-separate-files-up-and-down-for-a-migration)
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```bash
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1481574547_create_users_table.up.sql
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1481574547_create_users_table.down.sql
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```
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[Best practices: How to write migrations.](MIGRATIONS.md)
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## Versions
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Version | Supported? | Import | Notes
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--------|------------|--------|------
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**master** | :white_check_mark: | `import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"` | New features and bug fixes arrive here first |
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**v4** | :white_check_mark: | `import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate/v4"` | Used for stable releases |
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**v3** | :x: | `import "github.com/golang-migrate/migrate"` (with package manager) or `import "gopkg.in/golang-migrate/migrate.v3"` (not recommended) | **DO NOT USE** - No longer supported |
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## Development and Contributing
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Yes, please! [`Makefile`](Makefile) is your friend,
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read the [development guide](CONTRIBUTING.md).
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Also have a look at the [FAQ](FAQ.md).
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---
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Looking for alternatives? [https://awesome-go.com/#database](https://awesome-go.com/#database).
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